Environmental Consulting

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Emission Factors, Part 2

I found some time to upload another part of the emission factors I have. If you have any comments, or questions, leave a comment. Check out the previous post for the calculations.

Calorific Values, Petroleum-based fuels

Fuel	(GJ/kg)	(MMBTU/lb)
Crude Oil	0.046	0.020
Gasoline	0.047	0.020
Aviation Gasoline	0.048	0.021
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 1	0.046	0.020
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2	0.046	0.020
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 4	0.046	0.020
Jet Kerosene	0.0469	0.0202
Kerosene (Other)	0.047	0.020
LPG	0.050	0.022
Naphtha	0.047	0.020
Lubricants	0.043	0.019
Waxes	0.046	0.020
Shale Oil (liquid)	0.038	0.016
Oil Shale	0.010	0.004

 

Carbon Content, Petroleum-based fuels

Fuel	(kg C/GJ)	(Thousand BTU/lb)
Crude Oil	19	44
Gasoline	18	42
Aviation Gasoline	17.9	41.6
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 1	19	44
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2	19	44
Distillate Fuel Oil No. 4	19	44
Jet Kerosene	18.5	43
Kerosene (Other)	18.6	43.3
LPG	16	38
Naphtha	19	44
Lubricants	19	44
Waxes	19	44
Shale Oil (liquid)	19	44
Oil Shale	28	65

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Emission Factors

Over the last few years I have performed a lot of emission calculations and have found it frustrating that I had to spend hours searching for emission factors. I recently decided to compile a few short tables and carry them with me on a USB stick for easy access. Here they are. All the values can be found on the IPCC’s EFDB site or through a search engine. Different sources may have different values, but they should not be too far off. I cannot recall and reference all the websites I have used, but if I remember correctly, the values are from the late 90’s and early 2000’s. Since I have to do some editing and don’t have much time, I will break up the factors into a couple of posts.

Using the tables

CO2 = (Amount of fuel used) * (Calorific Value) * (Carbon Content) * (Oxidation) * 3.66

Oxidation values are usually given in percentages and are around 98% to 100%. I usually use 99% to be safe. 3.66 comes from the ratio of Carbon to Oxygen in CO2. If you do not understand why you need 3.66, try doing a line calculation and write out all the units. You are calculating the emission with respect to carbon, but don’t forget that you are emitting CO2 and not just C. Chances are you have come across simple conversion factors which take you from Fuel Used to CO2 emitted. The above calculation takes into account a few more factors and may vary slightly from the simple conversion factors. When doing the calculation remember to keep in mind the units.

Calorific Values, Natural gas-based fuels

Fuel	(GJ/kg)	(MMBTU/lb)
Natural Gas	0.051	0.022
Methane	0.0556	0.0239
Ethane	0.0519	0.0223
Propane	0.0504	0.0217
Butane	0.0495	0.0213
Isobutane	0.0495	0.0213
n-Butane	0.0494	0.0213
LNG	0.052	0.022

Carbon Content, Natural gas-based fuels

Fuel	(kg C/GJ)	(Thousand BTU/lb)
Natural Gas	14	33
Methane	13.5	31.3
Ethane	15.4	35.8
Propane	16.2	37.7
Butane	16.7	38.9
Isobutane	16.7	38.9
n-Butane	16.8	38.9
LNG	16	38